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1 white propaganda
propaganda nyata -
2 white propaganda
белая пропаганда; открытая, соответствующая реалиям пропаганда.* * *белая пропаганда; открытая, соответствующая реалиям пропаганда. -
3 white propaganda
Военный термин: открытая пропаганда -
4 white
1. n1) білий колір; білість; білизна2) біла фарба; білило3) білок (яйця)4) білок (ока; тж white of the eye)5) біла людина; білошкірий6) (часто W.) іст. білий; білогвардієць7) біла тканина; білий одяг8) pl білі штани9) pl мор. біле літнє обмундирування10) текст. білий товар; білизняний товар11) білі (фігури в шахах, шашки)12) гравець, що грає білими (у шахах, шашках)13) біле м'ясо (курки тощо)14) біле вино15) розм. білий метелик16) друк. пробіл17) бот. заболонь18) pl мед. білі20) pl с.г. вищі сорти пшеничного борошна21) перен. чистота, непорочність, невинністьto call white black — називати біле чорним, стверджувати щось всупереч очевидному
2. adj1) білийto paint white — побілити; пофарбувати в білий колір
white hands — білі (чисті) руки, білоручка
white heat — мет. білий жар
white paper — білий (чистий) папір
white squadron — іст. біла ескадра (англійського флоту)
2) сивий; сріблястий3) прозорий; безбарвний4) блідийwhite as a sheet — блідий, як полотно
5) чистий; незаплямований; невинний, непорочний6) нешкідливий, невинний; без лихого наміруwhite witch — добра чаклунка; ворожбитка
white war — економічна війна; війна без кровопролиття
7) розм. чесний; прямий; порядний; благороднийwhite propaganda — військ., розм. відкрита пропаганда
8) білошкірий, білий9) призначений для білихwhite primary — амер. первинні вибори, до яких не допускаються негри
10) (часто W.) іст. білий; білогвардійський; білоемігрантський11) щасливий, сприятливий12) улюблений, любимий; дорогий13) пристойний, правдоподібнийwhite alert — амер., військ. відбій повітряної тривоги
white ant — ент. терміт, біла мурашка
white ash — бот. білий ясен; розм. весло
white bud — «біла брунька» (захворювання кукурудзи)
white cedar — бот. туя
W. Christmas — Різдво із снігопадом
white clover — бот. біла конюшина
white coal — гідроенергія, біле вугілля; мін. тасманіт
white corpuscle — фізл. лейкоцит
white cow — амер., розм. ванільне морозиво з молоком
white damp — хім. окис вуглецю
white dwarf — астр. білий карлик (тип зірки)
white feather — боягуз; боягузтво
W. Friar — кармеліт (чернець)
white frost — іній, паморозь
white hat — амер., розм. військовий моряк
white hazel tree — бот. калина
white hope — амер., ірон. людина, що подає великі надії
white horses — баранці, гребені хвиль
white iron — мет. білий чавун
white lady — «дама в білому» (коктейль)
white letter — друк. антиква; прямий шрифт; латинський шрифт
white light — природне освітлення; перен. неупереджене судження
white lightning (line, mule) — амер., розм. низькосортне віскі
white list — амер. рекомендаційний список
white metal — мет. бабіт
white note — муз. ціла нота; половинна нота
white oak — бот. білий дуб
white one — амер., розм. чоловіча сорочка (будь-якого кольору)
white peat — геол. діатоміт
white plague — туберкульоз легенів, «біла чума»
white polar bear — зоол. білий полярний ведмідь
white poplar — бот. біла тополя
white potato — бот. картопля (біла)
W. Russian — білорус; білоруська мова; російський білоемігрант; білогвардієць
white sheet — заст. покаянний (покутний) одяг
white sidewall — амер., розм. коротка стрижка
white slave — повія, «біла рабиня»
W. Slave Act — амер. закон про заборону вивезення жінок з одного штату в інший з аморальною метою
white slavery — торгівля жінками; присилування до проституції; (вимушена) проституція
white spirit — хім. уайт-спірит
white staff, white stick — білий жезл (символ придворної посади); камергер
white straw crops — с.г. зернові культури
white stuff — амер., розм. кокаїн, морфін
white tie — біла краватка; перен. фрак
white water lily — бот. біле латаття
white whale — зоол. білуха
white wheat — білозерна пшениця; білоколоса пшениця
white willow — бот. (біла) верба
white wings — розм. вітрила; амер. людина у білому спецодязі; підмітальник вулиць; двірник
3. v* * *I [wait] n1) білий колір; білизна; чистота, непорочність2) біла фарба, білило4) білок (ока; white of the eye); to turn up the whites of one's eyes закотити очі; білий (людин; світлошкірий;)6) білий одягwoman in white — жінка в білому; pl білі брюки; pl; мop. біле літнє обмундирування
7) біла тканинаin the white — нефарбований ( про тканину); необроблений, неготовий; у вигляді напівфабриката; тeкcт. білий товар
8) білі (в шахматах, ігашках); гравець, що грає білими9) біле м'ясо ( курки)10) біле вино11) білий метелик; капустянка12) пoлiгp. пробіл; пробільний матеріал13) бoт. заболонь14) pl; мeд. білі15) = white-wood16) c-г. біла порода ( свиней)17) pl; c-г високі сорти пшеничного борошна••II [wait]to call white black, to turn white into black — називати біле чорним, стверджувати що-н. всупереч очевидним фактам
1) білийto paint white — фарбувати в білий колір, білити
white hands — білі руки; білоручка; чисті руки; чесність, незаплямованість; невинність
white crow — біла ворона (перен.)
2) блідийwhite as ashes /as death/ — смертельно блідий, блідий як смерть
to turn white — збліднути, побіліти
3) сідий, сивий4) прозорий, безкольоровий (про воду, повітря, світло)5) чистий, незаплямований; непорочний; нешкідливий, невинний; без злих намірівwhite witch — добра відьма; знахарка
white raid — вiйcьк. виліт для скидання листівок
white war — війна без кровопролиття (економічна, пропагандистськ; чесний, прямий; порядний, благородний)
white propaganda — вiйcьк. відкрита пропаганда
6) білий; білошкірийwhite trash — cл. "білий голодранець" (в південних штатах; про батрак)
white man's burden — "тягар білої людини" ( лозунг колонізаторів); призначений для білих
white primary — cл. початкові вибори, до яких не допускаються негри
7) ( часто White) білогвардійський; білоемігрантськийa
White Guard — білогвардієць8) політ. ультра консервативний, реакційний9) розжарений до білого ( про метал); доведений до білого жару10) сприятливий, щасливийwhite feather — боягузливість; боягуз
to show the white feather — боятися, виявити легкодухість
white elephant — непотрібна річ, подарунок, якого важко позбутися
white man's grave — cл. могила для білих ( малярійні райони Західної Африки)
white lightning /mule, line/ — cл. низкосортне віскі; незаконно придбане віскі
white sidewall — cл. коротка стрижка
white stuff — cл.; cл. кокаїн, морфій
to hoist /to show, to wave/ the white flag — здаватися, капітулювати
III [wait] vto mark with a white stone — відмітити який-н. день як особливо щасливий або знаменний
2) пoлiгp. ( часто white-out) розганяти ( рядок); робити розбивку; заповнювати пробільним матеріалом; знімати ( рядок) -
5 white
1. [waıt] n1. 1) белый цвет; белизна2) чистота, непорочность2. белая краска, белила3. белок ( яйца)4. белок ( глаза; тж. white of the eye)5. белый (человек); белокожий6. 1) полит. белый ( ультраконсерватор или реакционер)2) ( часто White) белогвардеец7. 1) белая одежда2) pl белые брюки3) pl мор. белое летнее обмундирование8. 1) белая тканьin the white - а) некрашеный ( о ткани); б) неотделанный, неготовый; в виде полуфабриката
2) текст. белый товар; бельевой товар9. 1) белые (в шахматах, шашках)2) игрок, играющий белыми10. белое мясо (курицы и т. п.)11. белое вино12. разг. белая бабочка; капустница13. полигр.1) пробел2) пробельный материал14. бот. заболонь15. pl мед. бели16. = white-wood17. с.-х. белая порода ( свиней)18. pl с.-х. высшие сорта пшеничной муки2. [waıt] a♢
to call white black, to turn white into black - называть белое чёрным, утверждать что-л. вопреки очевидным фактам1. белыйto paint white - окрашивать в белый цвет, белить
white hands - а) белые руки; б) белоручка; в) чистые руки; г) честность, незапятнанность; невиновность
white crow - белая ворона (тж. перен.)
white coffee - разг. кофе с молоком
2. бледныйwhite as ashes /as death/ - мертвенно бледный, бледный как смерть
white from pain - побледневший /по белевший/ от боли
to turn white - побледнеть, побелеть
3. седой, серебристый4. прозрачный, бесцветный (о воде, воздухе, свете)5. 1) чистый, незапятнанный; непорочный2) безвредный, невинный; ≅ без злого умыслаwhite witch - добрая колдунья; знахарка
white raid - воен. вылет для сбрасывания листовок
white war - война без кровопролития, (экономическая, пропагандистская)
3) разг. честный, прямой; порядочный, благородныйas white a man as I ever knew - я никогда не встречал такого благородного человека
white propaganda - воен. разг. открытая пропаганда
6. 1) белый; белокожийwhite trash - амер. пренебр. «белый голодранец», «белая шваль» (в южных штатах; особ. о батраке)
white man's burden - «бремя белого человека» ( лозунг колонизаторов)
2) предназначенный для белыхwhite primary - амер. первичные выборы, к которым не допускаются негры
7. ( часто White) белогвардейский; белоэмигрантский8. полит. ультраконсервативный, реакционный9. 1) раскалённый добела ( о металле)2) доведённый до белого каления10. благоприятный, счастливыйone of the white days of his life - один из самых счастливых дней в его жизни
♢
white feather - а) трусость; б) трусto show the white feather - трусить, малодушничать
white elephant - ненужная вещь, подарок, от которого трудно избавиться
white cow - амер. сл. ванильное мороженое с молоком или содовой водой
white man's grave - сл. могила для белых ( малярийные районы Западной Африки)
white lightning /mule, line/ - амер. сл. а) низкосортное виски; б) незаконно приобретённое виски
white sidewall - амер. сл. короткая стрижка
white one - амер. сл. (мужская) рубашка ( любого цвета)
white stuff - амер. сл. кокаин, морфий и т. п.
to hoist /to show, to wave/ the white flag - сдаваться, капитулировать
3. [waıt] vto mark with a white stone - отметить какой-л. день как особо счастливый или знаменательный
2. ( часто white out) полигр.1) разгонять ( строку); делать разрядку; заполнять пробельным материалом2) снимать (строку и т. п.) -
6 white
I [wait] n1) білий колір; білизна; чистота, непорочність2) біла фарба, білило4) білок (ока; white of the eye); to turn up the whites of one's eyes закотити очі; білий (людин; світлошкірий;)6) білий одягwoman in white — жінка в білому; pl білі брюки; pl; мop. біле літнє обмундирування
7) біла тканинаin the white — нефарбований ( про тканину); необроблений, неготовий; у вигляді напівфабриката; тeкcт. білий товар
8) білі (в шахматах, ігашках); гравець, що грає білими9) біле м'ясо ( курки)10) біле вино11) білий метелик; капустянка12) пoлiгp. пробіл; пробільний матеріал13) бoт. заболонь14) pl; мeд. білі15) = white-wood16) c-г. біла порода ( свиней)17) pl; c-г високі сорти пшеничного борошна••II [wait]to call white black, to turn white into black — називати біле чорним, стверджувати що-н. всупереч очевидним фактам
1) білийto paint white — фарбувати в білий колір, білити
white hands — білі руки; білоручка; чисті руки; чесність, незаплямованість; невинність
white crow — біла ворона (перен.)
2) блідийwhite as ashes /as death/ — смертельно блідий, блідий як смерть
to turn white — збліднути, побіліти
3) сідий, сивий4) прозорий, безкольоровий (про воду, повітря, світло)5) чистий, незаплямований; непорочний; нешкідливий, невинний; без злих намірівwhite witch — добра відьма; знахарка
white raid — вiйcьк. виліт для скидання листівок
white war — війна без кровопролиття (економічна, пропагандистськ; чесний, прямий; порядний, благородний)
white propaganda — вiйcьк. відкрита пропаганда
6) білий; білошкірийwhite trash — cл. "білий голодранець" (в південних штатах; про батрак)
white man's burden — "тягар білої людини" ( лозунг колонізаторів); призначений для білих
white primary — cл. початкові вибори, до яких не допускаються негри
7) ( часто White) білогвардійський; білоемігрантськийa
White Guard — білогвардієць8) політ. ультра консервативний, реакційний9) розжарений до білого ( про метал); доведений до білого жару10) сприятливий, щасливийwhite feather — боягузливість; боягуз
to show the white feather — боятися, виявити легкодухість
white elephant — непотрібна річ, подарунок, якого важко позбутися
white man's grave — cл. могила для білих ( малярійні райони Західної Африки)
white lightning /mule, line/ — cл. низкосортне віскі; незаконно придбане віскі
white sidewall — cл. коротка стрижка
white stuff — cл.; cл. кокаїн, морфій
to hoist /to show, to wave/ the white flag — здаватися, капітулювати
III [wait] vto mark with a white stone — відмітити який-н. день як особливо щасливий або знаменний
2) пoлiгp. ( часто white-out) розганяти ( рядок); робити розбивку; заповнювати пробільним матеріалом; знімати ( рядок) -
7 white
waɪt
1. прил.
1) белый whiter than white ≈ белее белого, белоснежный white coffee ≈ кофе с молоком
2) бледный
3) седой;
серебристый
4) прозрачный;
бесцветный
5) а) невинный, незапятнанный, чистый б) безвредный;
без злого умысла
6) разг. благородный, прямой, честный white man
7) полит. реакционный
8) белый, белокожий (человек) ∙ white fury white light white night white sheet white slave white squall
2. сущ.
1) белый цвет;
белизна
2) белая краска, белила
3) а) белый материал б) белая одежда
4) белок( яйца;
тж. white of the egg)
5) белок (глаза;
тж. white of the eye)
6) белый (человек) ;
белокожий
7) а) полит. белый, консерватор б) ист. белогвардеец
8) полигр. пробел
9) бот. заболонь
10) непорочность, чистота
11) шахм. белые фигуры;
игрок, играющий белыми
12) белое мясо( курицы и т.д.)
13) белое вино
14) мн. высшие сорта пшеничной муки белый цвет;
белизна чистота, непорочность белая краска, белила белок ( яйца) - the *s of three eggs три яичных белка белок (глаза;
тж. * of the eye) - to turn up the *s of one's eyes закатывать глаза белый (человек) ;
белокожий (политика) белый (ультраконсерватор или реакционер) (часто W.) белогвардеец белая одежда - woman in * женщина в белом pl белые брюки pl (морское) белое летнее обмундирование белая ткань - in the * некрашеный (о ткани) ;
неотделанный, неготовый;
в виде полуфабриката (текстильное) белый товар;
бельевой товар белые (в шахматах, шашках) игрок, играющий белыми белое мясо( курицы и т. п.) белое вино( разговорное) белая бабочка;
капустница (полиграфия) пробел (полиграфия) пробельный материал (ботаника) заболонь pl (медицина) бели деревья с белой древесиной (сельскохозяйственное) белая порода( свиней) pl (сельскохозяйственное) высшие сорта пшеничной муки > to call * black, to turn * into black называть белое черным, утверждать что-л. вопреки очевидным фактам белый - * as snow белоснежный - to paint * окрашивать в белый цвет, белить - * vegetables белые коренья - * rice шлифованный рис - * salt столовая соль - * hands белые руки;
белоручка;
чистые руки;
честность, незапятнанность;
невиновность - * crow белая ворона (тж. перен.) - * coffee( разговорное) кофе с молоком бледный - * as a sheet бледный как полотно - * as ashes /as death/ мертвенно бледный, бледный как смерть - * with rage побелевший от гнева - * from pain побледневший /побелевший/ от боли - to turn * побледнеть, побелеть седой, серебристый прозрачный, бесцветный (о воде, воздухе, свете) чистый, незапятнанный;
непорочный безвредный, невинный;
без злого умысла - * lie невинная ложь - * witch добрая колдунья;
знахарка - * raid (военное) вылет для сбрасывания листовок - * war война без кровопролития (экономическая, пропагандистская) (разговорное) честный, прямой;
порядочный, благородный - as * a man as I ever knew я никогда не встречал такого благородного человека - * propaganda( военное) (разговорное) открытая пропаганда белый;
белокожий - * supremacy господство белых - * trash (американизм) (пренебрежительное) "белый голодранец", "белая шваль" (в южных штатах;
особ. о батраке) - * man's burden "бремя белого человека" (лозунг колонизаторов) предназначенный для белых - * schools школы только для белых детей - * primary( американизм) (историческое) первичные выборы, к которым не допускаются темпокожие (часто W.) белогвардейский;
белоэмигрантский - * emigre белоэмигрант - a W. Guard белогвардеец (политика) ультраконсервативный, реакционный раскаленный добела( о металле) доведенный до белого каления - * fury неукротимая ярость благоприятный, счастливый - one of the * days of his life один из самых счастливых дней в его жизни > * feather трусость;
трус > to show the * feather трусить, малодушничать > * night бессонная ночь > * elephant ненужная вещь, подарок, от которого трудно избавиться > * squall шквал при безоблачном небе > * harvest запоздалая уборка урожая (после заморозков) > * cow (американизм) (сленг) ванильное мороженое с молоком или содовой водой > * man's grave (сленг) могила для белых (малярийные районы Западной Африки) > * lightning /mule, line/ (американизм) (сленг) низкосортное виски;
незаконно приобретенное виски > * sidewall( американизм) (сленг) короткая стрижка > * one (американизм) (сленг) (мужская) рубашка (любого цвета) > * stuff( американизм) (сленг) кокаин, морфий и т. п. > * Christmas рождество со снегопадом > to hoist /to show, to wave/ the * flag сдаваться, капитулировать > to mark with a * stone отметить какой-л. день как особо счастливый или знаменательный( устаревшее) белить (стены) ;
отбеливать (белье) (часто * out) (полиграфия) разгонять (строку) ;
делать разрядку;
заполнять пробельным материалом (часто * out) (полиграфия) снимать( строку и т. п.) ~ light беспристрастное суждение;
white night ночь без сна;
white sheet уст. покаянная одежда;
to stand in a white sheet публично каяться ~ бледный;
to turn white побледнеть, побелеть white белый материал;
белое платье ~ безвредный;
без злого умысла ~ белая краска, белила ~ белок (глаза;
тж. white of the eye) ~ белок (яйца;
тж. white of the egg) ~ шахм. белые фигуры;
игрок, играющий белыми ~ белый (человек) ;
белокожий ~ белый (человек) ;
white fury неистовство, бешенство, ярость (тж. white heat) ~ белый, реакционный ~ белый;
white heat белое каление ~ белый цвет;
белизна ~ бледный;
to turn white побледнеть, побелеть ~ бот. заболонь ~ невинный, незапятнанный, чистый ~ полигр. пробел ~ прозрачный;
бесцветный ~ седой;
серебристый ~ разг. честный, прямой, благородный;
white man порядочный человек ~ чистота, непорочность ~ slave "белая рабыня", проститутка;
white crow белая ворона, редкость;
white squall внезапный шквал (в тропиках) ~ белый (человек) ;
white fury неистовство, бешенство, ярость (тж. white heat) ~ белый;
white heat белое каление ~ light беспристрастное суждение;
white night ночь без сна;
white sheet уст. покаянная одежда;
to stand in a white sheet публично каяться ~ light дневной свет ~ разг. честный, прямой, благородный;
white man порядочный человек ~ light беспристрастное суждение;
white night ночь без сна;
white sheet уст. покаянная одежда;
to stand in a white sheet публично каяться ~ light беспристрастное суждение;
white night ночь без сна;
white sheet уст. покаянная одежда;
to stand in a white sheet публично каяться ~ slave "белая рабыня", проститутка;
white crow белая ворона, редкость;
white squall внезапный шквал (в тропиках) ~ slave "белая рабыня", проститутка;
white crow белая ворона, редкость;
white squall внезапный шквал (в тропиках) -
8 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Longland, Jean. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry. A Bilingual Selection. Irvington-on-Hudson: Harvey House, 1966. Prado Coelho, Jacinto do. Dicionário das Literaturas Portuguesas, Galega e Brasileira, 3rd ed. Oporto, 1978. Rossi, Giuseppe C. Storia della letteratura portoghesa. Florence, 1953.■ Santos, João Camilo dos. "Portuguese Contemporary Literature." In Antônio Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 218-42. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Saraiva, Antônio José. História da cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-60.■. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990 ed.■, and Oscar Lopes. História da Literatura Portuguesa. Oporto and Coimbra, 1992 ed.■ Seguier, Jaime de, ed. Dicionário Prático Ilustrado. Oporto: Lello, 1961 and later eds.■ Simões, João Gaspar. História da poesia portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1955-56 and later eds.■. História da poesia portuguesa do século XX. Lisbon, 1959 and later eds.■ Stern, Irwin, ed.-in-chief. Dictionary of Brazilian Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1988.■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL■ Ballard, Sam, and Jane Ballard. Pousadas of Portugal: Unique Lodgings in State-owned Castles, Palaces, Mansions and Hotels. Boston: Harvard Common, 1986.■ Bridge, Ann, and Susan Lowndes Marques. The Selective Traveller in Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1968.■ Ellingham, Mark, et al. Portugal: The Rough Guide. London: Rough Guides, 2008 ed.■ Hogg, Anthony. Travellers' Portugal. London: Solo Mio, 1983.■ Kite, Cynthia, and Ralph Kite. Portuguese Country Inns & Pousadas. New York: Warner Books; Karen Brown's Country Inn Series, 1988.■ Lowndes, Susan, ed. Fodor's Portugal 1991. New York: Fodor's, 1990.■ Proença Raúl, and Sant'anna Dionísio, eds. Guía De Portugal. I. Generalidades. Lisboa E, Arredores. Lisbon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1924; 1983.■ Robertson, Ian. Portugal: Blue Guide. London: Benn; New York: Norton, 2000 and later eds.■ Stoop, Anne de. Living in Portugal. Paris and New York: Flammarion, 1995. Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Minho and North Portugal: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1968.■. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.■. Algarve: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1973.■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)■ Alarção, Jorge de. Roman Portugal. Volume I: Introduction. Warminster, U.K., 1988.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História de Portugal. Vol. I. Coimbra, 1922. Arnaut, Salvador Dias. A Crise Nacional dos fins do século XVI. Vol. 1. Coimbra, 1960.■ Baião, Antônio, Hernani Cidade, and Manuel Múrias, eds. História de Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40. Caetano, Marcello. Lições de História do Direito Português. Coimbra, 1962. Cortesão, Jaime. Os Factores Democráticos no Formação de Portugal. Lisbon, 1960.■ David, Pierre. Etudes Historiques sur la Galice et le Portugal du VI au XII siécle. Paris, 1947.■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999. Diffie, Bailey W. Prelude to Empire: Portugal Overseas before Henry the Navigator. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960. Dutra, Francis A. "Portugal: To 1279." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 35-48. New York: Scribners, 1987.■. "Portugal: 1279-1481." Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Vol. X: 48-56. New York: Scribners, 1987. Gama Barros, Henrique de. História de Administração Pública em Portugal nos séculos XII à XV, 11 vols. Lisbon, 1945-51. Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos. Lisbon, 1962.■ Gonzaga de Azevedo, Luís. História de Portugal, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1939-44.■ Herculano, Alexandre. História de Portugal, 8 vols., 9th ed. Lisbon, 1940.■ Kennedy, Hugh. Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Anda-lus. London: Longman, 1996.■ Lencastre e Tavora, Luía Gonzaga. O Estudo da Sigilografia Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1990.■ Livermore, H. V. The Origins of Spain and Portugal. London: Allen & Unwin, 1971.■ Lopes, David. "Os Árabes nas obras de Alexandre Herculano." Boletim da Segunda Classe. Lisbon: Academia Real das Sciéncias, III (1909-10). MacKendrick, Paul. The Iberian Stones Speak. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969.■ Martinez, Pedro Soares. História Diplomática De Portugal [chapter I, 114315]. Lisbon, 1986.■ Mattoso, José, ed. A Nobreza Medieval Portuguesa: A Família e o Poder. Lisbon: Estampa, 1981.■. Religião e cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1982.■. Identificaçao de um país ( ensaio sobre as orígens de Portugal), 2 vols. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.■. Novos Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1988.■. Historia de Portugal. Vol. 2: A Monarquia Feudal ( 1096-1480). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. Hansa e Portugal na Idade Média. Lisbon, 1959.■. Introduçao à História da Agricultura em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.■. Daily Life in Portugal in the Middle Ages. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1971.■. Ensaios de História Medieval Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1980.■. "Introduçao à História da Cidade Medieval Portuguesa." Bracara Augusta XXV, 92-93 (January-December 1981): 367-87.■. Guía do Estudante de História Medieval Portuguesa, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1985.■. Portugal Na Crise Dos Séculos XIV e XV-Vol. IV of Serrão and Oliveira Marques, Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.■ Peres, Damião de, ed. História de Portugal. Vols. I, II. Barcelos, 1928-29.■ Rau, Virginia. Subsídios para o estudo das Feiras Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1943.■. Sesma'rias Medievais Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1946.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. "Portugal, formação de." Dicionário da História de Portugal. Vol. III, 432-51. Lisbon, 1966.■ Rogers, Francis M. The Travels of the Infante Dom Pedro of Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1961.■ Russell, P. E. 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Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? 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Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. 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Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. 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Anderson, trans. London, 1882.■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. 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S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.■ EQUESTRIANISM■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.comHistorical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
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9 film
fɪlm
1. сущ.
1) фильм to make, produce, shoot a film ≈ снимать фильм to release a film ≈ снять фильм to show a film ≈ показывать фильм to ban a film ≈ запретить фильм to censor a film ≈ подвергать фильм цензуре adult film, X-rated film ≈ фильм для взрослых adventure film ≈ приключенческий фильм caper film ≈ трюковой приключенческий фильм documentary film ≈ документальный фильм educational film ≈ учебный фильм feature film ≈ художественный фильм gangster film ≈ боевик instructional film ≈ обучающий фильм propaganda film ≈ пропагандистский фильм silent film ≈ немой фильм sound film ≈ озвученный фильм television film, TV film ≈ телефильм training film ≈ обучающий фильм Syn: movie, movie picture
2) кинопленка, пленка, фотопленка to develop film ≈ разматывать пленку to insert, toad film ≈ вставлять пленку to remove film ≈ вытаскивать пленку to rewind film ≈ перематывать пленку to splice film ≈ резать пленку to wind film ≈ мотать пленку black-and-white film ≈ черно-белая пленка
3) часто мн. кино, кинопромышленность, киноискусство to work in films ≈ работать в киноиндустрии to be in the films ≈ сниматься в кино underground film ≈ альтернативное кино
4) пленка;
тонкий слой чего-л. a film of ice ≈ тонкая корочка льда The sea is coated with a film of raw sewage. ≈ Поверхность моря покрыта тонкой пленкой неочищенных отходов. film of fog ≈ легкий туман;
дымка
5) тонкий лист, тонкая оболочка Syn: lamina, pellicle
6) фотослой
7) новообразование на глазу или в глазу
8) тонкая нить( паутины, шелка и т. п.)
2. гл.
1) снимать фильм, производить киносъемку He had filmed her life story. ≈ Он снял фильм про ее жизнь.
2) подходить для съемок в кино I always knew I had the sort of face that would film well and look good on the screen. ≈ Я всегда знал, что у меня фотогеничное лицо и я буду хорошо выглядеть на экране.
3) а) покрывать пленкой, оболочкой;
застилать дымкой (over) A mist filmed over the stars. ≈ Туман скрыл звезды. б) покрываться пленкой, оболочкой;
застилаться дымкой (over) Eyes are filming o'er in death. ≈ Глаза заволоклись смертельным туманом. her eyes filmed over with tears ≈ ее глаза, покрытые слезами пленка;
тонкий слой( чего-л.) - * of oil нефтяная пленка - * of dust тонкий слой пыли - * crust( техническое) твердая пленка фотопленка;
кинопленка - coloured * цветная пленка - to develop a * проявлять фотопленку - reversal * обратимая пленка - nonreversal * необратимая пленка - fast * чувствительная пленка (кино) фильм, (кино) картина - feature художественный фильм - dubbed( - in) * дублированный фильм - popular-science * научно-популярный фильм - three-dimensional /часто 3 D/ * стереофильм - art * экспериментальный, некоммерческий фильм;
документальная картина о художественных выставках, работе художников и т. п. - to release a * выпускать фильм на экраны - to screen a * показывать фильм - the * is on /playing, showing/ фильм идет кино, киноискусство - the art of the * искусство кино - the great masters of the * мастера кино - * actor киноактер - * director кинорежиссер - * producer продюсер - * people кинематографисты, деятели кино - * unit съемочная группа - * writer сценарист, кинодраматург - * company кинокомпания, кинофирма - * medium выразительные средства кино - * studio киностудия - * test кинопроба будущего актера или актрисы - * analysis( специальное) исследование с помощью киносъемки - to have a * face быть фотогеничным (the *s) pl (разговорное) кино - to be in the *s быть киноактером - to quit the *s уйти из кино легкий туман, дымка тонкая нить (техническое) перепонка, оболочка снимать( кино) фильм;
производить киносъемки;
снимать на кинопленку - to * a meeting заснять собрание экранизировать (литературное произведение) - the story won't * well этот рассказ не подойдет для экранизации сниматься в кино;
быть киноактером - this actor has been *ing for many years этот актер уже много лет снимается в кино быть подходящим материалом для кино - this story *s easily этот рассказ легко экранизировать - he *s well он фотогеничен покрывать пленкой, оболочкой покрываться пленкой;
застилаться дымкой, туманом (тж. * over) advertising ~ рекламный фильм ~ фильм;
(часто pl) кино;
to be in the films сниматься в кино colour ~ цветная пленка colour ~ цветной фильм conducting ~ проводящая пленка dielectric ~ диэлектрическая пленка film пленка;
легкий слой (чего-л.) ;
оболочка;
перепонка;
a film of fog легкий туман;
дымка ~ покрывать(ся) пленкой, оболочкой;
застилать(ся) дымкой (over) ~ снимать, производить киносъемку;
экранизировать (литературное произведение) ~ сниматься в кино;
she films well она фотогенична ~ тонкая нить ~ фильм;
(часто pl) кино;
to be in the films сниматься в кино ~ фотопленка, кинопленка, пленка ~ фотослой ~ attr. кино- film пленка;
легкий слой (чего-л.) ;
оболочка;
перепонка;
a film of fog легкий туман;
дымка record ~ документальный фильм release a ~ выпускать фильм на экран safety ~ безопасная, невоспламеняющаяся кинопленка ~ сниматься в кино;
she films well она фотогенична -
10 play
1. noun1) (Theatre) [Theater]stück, dassay/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun
play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das
be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein
make a play for somebody/something — (fig. coll.) hinter jemandem/etwas her sein (ugs.); es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben
4)come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen
make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen
give full play to one's emotions/imagination — etc. (fig.) seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen
6) (rapid movement)2. intransitive verbthe play of light on water — das Spiel des Lichts auf Wasser
1) spielenplay [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen
not have much time to play with — (coll.) zeitlich nicht viel Spielraum haben
play into somebody's hands — (fig.) jemandem in die Hand od. Hände arbeiten
play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen (ugs.)
2) (Mus.) spielen (on auf + Dat.)3. transitive verb1) (Mus.): (perform on) spielenplay the violin — etc. Geige usw. spielen
play something on the piano — etc. etwas auf dem Klavier usw. spielen
play something by ear — etwas nach dem Gehör spielen
play it by ear — (fig.) es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen
2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]3) (Theatre; also fig.) spielenplay a town — in einer Stadt spielen
play the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen
play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen (ugs.) /jemandem einen Streich spielen
5) (Sport, Cards) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]play a match — einen Wettkampf bestreiten; (in team games) ein Spiel machen
he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner
7) (Cards) spielenplay one's cards right — (fig.) es richtig anfassen (fig.)
8) (coll.): (gamble on)play the market — spekulieren (in mit od. Wirtsch. in + Dat.)
Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/56069/play_about">play about- play at- play off- play on- play up* * *[plei] 1. verb1) (to amuse oneself: The child is playing in the garden; He is playing with his toys; The little girl wants to play with her friends.) spielen2) (to take part in (games etc): He plays football; He is playing in goal; Here's a pack of cards - who wants to play (with me)?; I'm playing golf with him this evening.) spielen3) (to act in a play etc; to act (a character): She's playing Lady Macbeth; The company is playing in London this week.) spielen5) (to (be able to) perform on (a musical instrument): She plays the piano; Who was playing the piano this morning?; He plays (the oboe) in an orchestra.) spielen8) ((of light) to pass with a flickering movement: The firelight played across the ceiling.) spielen9) (to direct (over or towards something): The firemen played their hoses over the burning house.) richten10) (to put down or produce (a playing-card) as part of a card game: He played the seven of hearts.) ausspielen2. noun1) (recreation; amusement: A person must have time for both work and play.) das Spiel2) (an acted story; a drama: Shakespeare wrote many great plays.) das Schauspiel3) (the playing of a game: At the start of today's play, England was leading India by fifteen runs.) das Spiel4) (freedom of movement (eg in part of a machine).) der Spielraum•- player- playable
- playful
- playfully
- playfulness
- playboy
- playground
- playing-card
- playing-field
- playmate
- playpen
- playschool
- plaything
- playtime
- playwright
- at play
- bring/come into play
- child's play
- in play
- out of play
- play at
- play back
- play down
- play fair
- play for time
- play havoc with
- play into someone's hands
- play off
- play off against
- play on
- play a
- no part in
- play safe
- play the game
- play up* * *[pleɪ]I. NOUNto be at \play beim Spiel sein, spielento do sth in \play etw [nur] zum Spaß tunit's only in \play es ist doch nur Spaßrain stopped \play wegen des Regens wurde das Spiel unterbrochenthe start/close of \play der Beginn/das Ende des Spielsto be in/out of \play im Spiel/im Aus seinto make a bad/good \play ein schlechtes/gutes Spiel machena foul \play ein Foul[spiel] ntto go to see a \play ins Theater gehenone-act \play Einakter mradio \play Hörspiel nttelevision \play Fernsehspiel nt, Fernsehfilm mthe \play of emotion across his face revealed his conflict seine widerstreitenden Gefühle spiegelten sich in seinem Gesicht widerthe \play of light [on sth] das Spiel des Lichts [auf etw dat]to bring sth into \play etw ins Spiel bringen, etw einsetzento come into \play eine Rolle spielen10.▶ \play on words Wortspiel nt1. (amuse oneself)▪ to \play [somewhere] [irgendwo] spielencan Jenny come out and \play? kann Jenny zum Spielen rauskommen?to \play on the swings schaukeln2. SPORT spielenLeonora always \plays to win Leonora will immer gewinnento \play fair/rough fair/hart spielenit wasn't really \playing fair not to tell her ( fig) es war nicht besonders fair, dass du ihr nichts gesagt hast▪ to \play against sb gegen jdn spielenthey're a difficult team to \play against diese Mannschaft ist ein schwieriger Gegnerto \play for a city/team für eine Stadt/ein Team spielento \play in attack/defence in der Offensive/als Verteidiger/Verteidigerin spielento \play in goal den Torwart/die Torwartin spielento \play in the match am Spiel teilnehmen3. actor spielen‘Hamlet’ is \playing at the Guildhall in der Guildhall kommt zurzeit der ‚Hamlet‘to \play opposite sb mit jdm [zusammen] spielento \play to a full house vor ausverkauftem Haus spielenMacbeth \played to full houses die Macbeth-Vorstellungen waren immer ausverkauft5. (move)the searchlights \played across [or over] the facade die [Such]scheinwerfer strichen über die Fassadewe watched the light \playing on the water wir beobachteten das Spiel des Lichts auf dem Wassershe could hear the fountain \playing sie hörte den Springbrunnen plätschern6. (gamble) spielento \play for fun zum Spaß [o ohne Einsatz] spielento \play for money um Geld spielenhow will this \play with the voters? wie wird das bei den Wählern ankommen?to \play dumb sich akk taub stellen10.▶ to \play to the gallery billige Effekthascherei betreiben pej; politician populistische Stammtischparolen ausgeben pej▶ to \play into sb's hands jdm in die Hände arbeiten▶ to \play for time versuchen, Zeit zu gewinnen, auf Zeit spielenIII. TRANSITIVE VERB1.Luke \plays centre forward/back Luke ist Mittelstürmer/Verteidigerto \play a match ein Spiel bestreiten, spielen▪ to \play sb gegen jdn spielenJames will be \playing Theo James wird gegen Theo antreten3. (strike)to \play a shot schießen; (in snooker) stoßento \play a stroke schlagen4. (adopt)to \play a part [or role] eine Rolle spielen5. (act)don't \play the innocent with me tu nicht so unschuldig6. (function as)to \play host to sb jds Gastgeber/Gastgeberin sein7. (perform)▪ to \play sth etw spielen\play us a song [or a song for us] then! spiel uns ein Lied [vor]!to \play sth by ear etw nach Gehör spielento \play an encore eine Zugabe geben8. (perform on)▪ to \play sth etw spielento \play the bagpipes/piano/violin Dudelsack/Klavier/Geige spielen9. (perform at)to play Berlin/London/San Francisco in Berlin/London/San Francisco spielen10. (listen to)▪ to \play sth CD, tape etw [ab]spielento \play the radio Radio hörenmust you \play your radio loud? musst du dein Radio so laut stellen?to \play one's stereo seine Anlage anhaben fam11. (watch)12. (broadcast)they're \playing African music on the radio im Radio kommt gerade afrikanische Musik13. (gamble)to \play the horses auf Pferde wettento \play a slot machine an einem Spielautomaten spielento \play the stock market an der Börse spekulieren14. (perpetrate)to \play a trick [or joke] on sb jdn hochnehmen fig fam, jdn veräppeln fam; (practical joke) [jdm] einen Streich spielenhe's always \playing tricks der ist vielleicht ein Scherzkeks sl15. (direct)the rescue team \played searchlights over the area das Rettungsteam ließ Scheinwerfer über die Gegend schweifento \play an ace/a king ein Ass/einen König [aus]spielento \play a trump einen Trumpf spielen17. anglerto \play a fish einen Fisch auszappeln lassen (durch Nachlassen der Leine)18. (treat)▪ to \play sb for sth jdn wie etw behandeln19.▶ to \play one's cards right geschickt taktieren▶ to \play sb false jdn hintergehenthe firm continues to \play the field and negotiate with other companies die Firma sondiert das Terrain und verhandelt mit weiteren Firmen▶ to \play footsie with sb ( fam: under table) mit jdm füßeln DIAL; (cooperate) mit jdm unter einer Decke stecken fam▶ to \play gooseberry BRIT ( fam) das fünfte Rad am Wagen sein fam; (chaperone) den Anstandswauwau spielen hum fam▶ to \play havoc with sth etw durcheinanderbringen* * *[pleɪ]1. nto do/say sth in play — etw aus Spaß tun/sagen
play on words — Wortspiel nt
children at play —
children learn through play he lost £800 in a few hours' play — Kinder lernen beim Spiel er hat beim Spiel innerhalb von ein paar Stunden £ 800 verloren
because of bad weather play was impossible — es konnte wegen schlechten Wetters nicht gespielt werden
in a clever piece of play, in a clever play (US) — in einem klugen Schachzug
there was some exciting play toward(s) the end — gegen Ende gab es einige spannende (Spiel)szenen
3) (TECH, MECH) Spiel nt1 mm (of) play — 1 mm Spiel
5) (fig: moving patterns) Spiel nt6)(fig phrases)
to come into play — ins Spiel kommento give full play to one's imagination — seiner Fantasie or Phantasie (dat) freien Lauf lassen
the game allows the child's imagination (to be given) full play — das Spiel gestattet die freie Entfaltung der kindlichen Fantasie
to make great play of doing sth (Brit) — viel Wind darum machen, etw zu tun
to make a play for sth — es auf etw (acc) abgesehen haben
2. vt1) game, card, ball, position spielen; player aufstellen, einsetzento play shop — (Kaufmanns)laden spielen, Kaufmann spielen
to play a mean/dirty trick on sb — jdn auf gemeine/schmutzige Art hereinlegen
See:→ cardto play it cautious/clever — vorsichtig/klug vorgehen
to play the fool — den Clown spielen, herumblödeln
See:→ cool3) instrument, record, tune spielento play sth through/over — etw durchspielen
4) (= direct) lights, jet of water richten3. vi1) (esp child) spielento go out to play —
to play at mothers and fathers/cowboys and Indians — Vater und Mutter/Cowboy und Indianer spielen
he's just playing at it — er tut nur so
the firemen's hoses played on the flames — die Schläuche der Feuerwehrmänner waren auf die Flammen gerichtet
6) (SPORT ground, pitch) sich bespielen lassenthe pitch plays well/badly — auf dem Platz spielt es sich gut/schlecht
* * *play [pleı]A schildren at play spielende Kinder;watch children at play Kindern beim Spielen zusehen;a) spielen,c) Schach: am Zug sein;it is your play Sie sind am Spiel;keep the ball in play den Ball im Spiel halten;the ball went out of play der Ball ging ins Aus;hold in play fig beschäftigen;have more of the play SPORT mehr vom Spiel haben, die größeren Spielanteile haben3. Spiel(weise) n(f):that was pretty play das war gut (gespielt);4. fig Spiel n, Spielerei f:a play (up)on words ein Wortspiel5. Kurzweil f, Vergnügen n, Zeitvertreib m6. Scherz m, Spaß m:in play im Scherz7. a) Schauspiel n, (Theater-, Bühnen) Stück nb) Vorstellung f:go to a play ins Theater gehen;(as) good as a play äußerst amüsant oder interessant8. MUS Spiel n, Vortrag m10. fig Spiel n (von Licht auf Wasser etc):play of colo(u)rs (muscles) Farben-(Muskel)spiel12. Tätigkeit f, Bewegung f, Gang m:a) in Gang bringen,come into play ins Spiel kommen;a) Wirkung haben,b) seinen Zweck erfüllen;make play with zur Geltung bringen, sich brüsten mit;make great play of sth viel Aufheben(s) oder Wesens von etwas machen;in full play in vollem Gange;lively play of fantasy lebhafte Fantasie13. a) TECH Spiel n:give the rope some play das Seil locker lassenb) Bewegungsfreiheit f, fig auch Spielraum m:full play of the mind freie Entfaltung des Geistes;14. umg Manöver n, Trick m, Schachzug m:make a play for sich bemühen um, es abgesehen haben auf (akk)15. US sla) Beachtung fb) Publizität f, Propaganda fB v/ib) mitspielen (auch fig mitmachen):play at business ein bisschen in Geschäften machen;play at keeping shop Kaufmann spielen;play for time Zeit zu gewinnen suchen; SPORT auf Zeit spielen;play for a cup einen Pokal ausspielen;play to win auf Sieg spielen;what do you think you are playing at? was soll denn das?;play (up)on MUS auf einem Instrument spielen; mit Worten spielen; fig jemandes Schwächen (geschickt) ausnutzen;play safe umg auf Nummer sicher gehen;he will not play again this season er fällt für den Rest der Saison aus; → fair1 B 4, false B, gallery 3 a2. a) Kartenspiel: ausspielenb) Schach: am Zug sein, ziehen:white to play Weiß zieht oder ist am Zuge3. a) herumspielen, sich amüsierenb) Unsinn treibenc) scherzen4. a) sich tummelnb) flattern, gaukelnc) spielen (Lächeln, Licht etc) (on auf dat)d) schillern (Farbe)e) in Betrieb sein (Springbrunnen)5. a) schießenb) spritzenc) strahlen, streichen:play on gerichtet sein auf (akk), bespritzen (Schlauch, Wasserstrahl), anstrahlen, absuchen (Scheinwerfer)6. TECHa) Spiel (-raum) habenb) sich bewegen (Kolben etc)C v/t1. Karten, Tennis etc, auch MUS, THEAT eine Rolle, ein Stück etc spielen, eine Nationalhymne abspielen, SPORT ein Spiel austragen:play (sth on) the piano (etwas auf dem) Klavier spielen;play sb sth jemandem etwas vorspielen;play shop (pirates) Kaufmann (Piraten) spielen;play the great lady sich als große Dame aufspielen;play both ends against the middle fig vorsichtig lavieren, raffiniert vorgehen;play it safe umg auf Nummer sicher gehen;play it differently es anders handhaben oder machen;play the races bei (Pferde)Rennen wetten;played out figa) erledigt‘, fertig, erschöpft,b) verbraucht (Talent etc), abgetakelt (Schauspieler etc),c) abgedroschen (Witz), überstrapaziert (These etc); (siehe die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven)2. SPORTa) antreten oder spielen gegen:play sb at chess gegen jemanden Schach spielenb) einen Spieler aufstellen, in die Mannschaft (auf)nehmenb) eine Schachfigur ziehen5. ein Geschütz, einen Scheinwerfer, einen Licht- oder Wasserstrahl etc richten (on auf akk):play a hose on sth etwas bespritzen;play colo(u)red lights on sth etwas bunt anstrahlen* * *1. noun1) (Theatre) [Theater]stück, dassay/do something in play — etwas aus od. im od. zum Spaß sagen/tun
play [up]on words — Wortspiel, das
be in/out of play — [Ball:] im Spiel/aus [dem Spiel] sein
make a play for somebody/something — (fig. coll.) hinter jemandem/etwas her sein (ugs.); es auf jemanden/etwas abgesehen haben
4)come into play, be brought or called into play — ins Spiel kommen
make [great] play with something — viel Wesen um etwas machen
2. intransitive verbgive full play to one's emotions/imagination — etc. (fig.) seinen Gefühlen/seiner Fantasie usw. freien Lauf lassen
1) spielenplay [up]on words — Wortspiele/ein Wortspiel machen
not have much time to play with — (coll.) zeitlich nicht viel Spielraum haben
play into somebody's hands — (fig.) jemandem in die Hand od. Hände arbeiten
play safe — sichergehen; auf Nummer Sicher gehen (ugs.)
2) (Mus.) spielen (on auf + Dat.)3. transitive verb1) (Mus.): (perform on) spielenplay the violin — etc. Geige usw. spielen
play something on the piano — etc. etwas auf dem Klavier usw. spielen
play it by ear — (fig.) es dem Augenblick/der Situation überlassen
2) spielen [Grammophon, Tonbandgerät]; abspielen [Schallplatte, Tonband]; spielen lassen [Radio]3) (Theatre; also fig.) spielenplay the fool/innocent — den Clown/Unschuldigen spielen
4) (execute, practise)play a trick/joke on somebody — jemanden hereinlegen (ugs.) /jemandem einen Streich spielen
5) (Sport, Cards) spielen [Fußball, Karten, Schach usw.]; spielen od. antreten gegen [Mannschaft, Gegner]play a match — einen Wettkampf bestreiten; (in team games) ein Spiel machen
he played me at chess/squash — er war im Schach/Squash mein Gegner
6) (Sport) ausführen [Schlag]; (Cricket etc.) schlagen [Ball]7) (Cards) spielenplay one's cards right — (fig.) es richtig anfassen (fig.)
8) (coll.): (gamble on)play the market — spekulieren (in mit od. Wirtsch. in + Dat.)
Phrasal Verbs:- play at- play off- play on- play up* * *(theatre) n.Stück -e n.Theaterstück n. n.Schauspiel n.Spiel -e n. (at) cards expr.Karten spielen ausdr. v.spielen v. -
11 officer
офицер; должностное лицо; сотрудник; укомплектовывать офицерским составом; командоватьAir officer, Administration, Strike Command — Бр. начальник административного управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Engineering, Strike Command — Бр. начальник инженерно-технического управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Maintenance, RAF Support Command — Бр. начальник управления технического обслуживания командования тыла ВВС
Air officer, Training, RAF Support Command — начальник управления подготовки ЛС командования тыла ВВС
assistant G3 plans officer — помощник начальника оперативного отдела [отделения] по планированию
Flag officer, Germany — командующий ВМС ФРГ
Flag officer, Naval Air Command — Бр. командующий авиацией ВМС
Flag officer, Submarines — Бр. командующий подводными силами ВМС
float an officer (through personnel channels) — направлять личное дело офицера (в различные кадровые инстанции);
General officer Commanding, Royal Marines — Бр. командующий МП
General officer Commanding, the Artillery Division — командир артиллерийской дивизии (БРА)
landing zone (aircraft) control officer — офицер по управлению авиацией в районе десантирования (ВДВ)
officer, responsible for the exercise — офицер, ответственный за учение (ВМС)
Principal Medical officer, Strike Command — Бр. начальник медицинской службы командования ВВС в Великобритании
Senior Air Staff officer, Strike Command — Бр. НШ командования ВВС в Великобритании
senior officer, commando assault unit — Бр. командир штурмового отряда «коммандос»
senior officer, naval assault unit — Бр. командир военно-морского штурмового отряда
senior officer, naval build-up unit — Бр. командир военно-морского отряда наращивания сил десанта
senior officer, present — старший из присутствующих начальников
senior officer, Royal Artillery — Бр. старший начальник артиллерии
senior officer, Royal Engineers — Бр. старший начальник инженерных войск
short service term (commissioned) officer — Бр. офицер, призываемый на кратковременную службу; офицер, проходящий службу по краткосрочному контракту
tactical air officer (afloat) — офицер по управлению ТА поддержки (морского) десанта (на корабле управления)
The Dental officer, US Marine Corps — начальник зубоврачебной службы МП США
The Medical officer, US Marine Corps — начальник медицинской службы МП США
— burial supervising officer— company grade officer— education services officer— field services officer— fire prevention officer— general duty officer— information activities officer— logistics readiness officer— regular commissioned officer— security control officer— supply management officer— transportation officer— water supply officer* * * -
12 center
центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС
general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения
hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ
launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]
tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА
— all-sources intelligence center— C center— combat control center— educational center— logistical operations center— logistics services center— operational center— secured communications center— skill development center -
13 infiltration
просачивание; проникновение ( в расположение противника) ; переход через линию фронта; прохождение через боевые порядки других частей; движение машин ( отдельных или небольшими группами через опасный участок) ; заброска [засылка] агента на территорию противника -
14 film
[fɪlm] 1. сущ.1) фильмto make / produce / shoot a film — снимать фильм
caper film — амер. трюковой приключенческий фильм
- film actresstelevision film, TV film — телефильм
- film collection
- film star
- film studio
- film testSyn:2) киноплёнка, плёнка, фотоплёнкаto insert / toad film — вставлять плёнку
3) ( films) кино, кинопромышленность, киноискусствоunderground film — амер. альтернативное кино
4) плёнка; тонкий слой чего-л.The sea is coated with a film of raw sewage. — Поверхность моря покрыта тонкой плёнкой неочищенных отходов.
film of fog — лёгкий туман; дымка
5) тонкий лист, тонкая оболочкаSyn:6) фотослой7) новообразование на глазу, в глазу8) тонкая нить (паутины, шёлка и пр.)2. гл.1) снимать фильм, производить киносъёмкуHe had filmed her life story. — Он снял фильм про её жизнь.
I always knew I had the sort of face that would film well and look good on the screen. — Я всегда знал, что у меня фотогеничное лицо и я буду хорошо выглядеть на экране.
3)а) покрывать плёнкой, оболочкой; застилать дымкойA mist filmed over the stars. — Туман скрыл звёзды.
б) покрываться плёнкой, оболочкой; застилаться дымкойHer eyes were filmed over with tears. — Её глаза закрывала пелена слёз.
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15 tighten one's grip on smth.
укрепить свою власть над чем-л.; ≈ зажать в тискиAt the same time the northern bankers and industrial monopolies tightened their grip on southern economic life to extract superprofits from the oppressed Negro people and to a lesser extent from southern white workers and sharecroppers cut off from Negroes by economic favoritism and racist propaganda. (V. Perlo, ‘American Imperialism’, ch. IV) — В то же время банкиры и промышленные монополии Севера все больше зажимали в тиски экономическую жизнь Юга, чтобы извлекать сверхприбыли прежде всего за счет эксплуатации угнетенного негритянского народа и в меньшей степени путем эксплуатации белых рабочих и издольщиков Юга, которые вследствие сравнительно лучших экономических условий и расистской пропаганды были разобщены с неграми.
The leading circles of finance capital, who substantially agreed on the strategy of unlimited expansion, had to tighten their grip on the state apparatus. (V. Perlo, ‘American Imperialism’, ch. VI) — Руководящие круги финансового капитала, которые в основном согласны между собой относительно стратегии неограниченной экспансии, укрепили свою власть над государственным аппаратом.
Large English-Russian phrasebook > tighten one's grip on smth.
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16 Daves, Delmer
1904-1977Delmer Daves, que con el tiempo seria uno de los hombres claves del western norteamericano, nacio en San Francisco poco antes del famoso terremoto que destruyo la ciudad. Estudiante de leyes, cuentan que sintio de repente la fascinacion del desierto. A su vuelta de una larga y solitaria estancia en tierras de Arizona con los indios Hopi y Navajo, decidio hacer cine. Un primer contacto con los estudios californianos no lo disuadieron, sin embargo, de interrumpir sus estudios universitarios, pero despues de terminar estos volvio a Hollywood, donde consiguio un contrato como guionista. Las dos peliculas mas famosas que escribio en la decada de los 30 fueron El bosque petrificado (The Petrified Forest, Archie Mayo, 1936) y Tu y yo (Love Affair, Leo McCarey, 1939). De esta ultima existe un remake, realizado tambien por Leo McCarey, en 1957, An Affair to Remember, interpretada por Cary Grant y Deborah Kerr, que en Espana se titulo, como el original, Tu y yo y que es una de las cumbres del melodrama. Su primer filme lo dirige en 1943; se trata de la pelicula de propaganda belica Destino: Tokio (Destination Tokyo), que a pesar de los condicionantes de su gestacion resulto ser una obra muy estimable. En 1950 dirige un western seminal, Flecha rota; sera el primero de los suyos y una obra fundamental para abrir nuevos senderos argumentales al genero, en este caso el de la dignidad del nativo americano. Parece que el asunto le tocaba de cerca porque es tambien guionista, aunque en esta ocasion no director, de la pelicula de Robert D. Webb, White Feather (1955), con el mismo tono reivindicativo del indio americano que Flecha rota. Toda la decada de los 50 esta dominada, en la filmografia de Delmer Daves, por el western, hasta el punto de que apenas dirige, en esa decada, peliculas que no pertenezcan al genero. Cierto es, por el contrario, que en los anos 60, en que realizara sus ultimas peliculas, se consagra casi en exclusiva al melodrama, en un registro muy diferente del que le hizo alcanzar grandes alturas como creador cinematografico, sin que eso quiera decir que estas ultimas peliculas sean desdenables. Hom bre de estilo invisible, enormemente eficaz, es sin lugar a dudas Delmer Daves uno de los grandes directores de westerns. Posee un universo propio, que le hace brillar en el terreno narrativo tanto co mo en el conceptual. Su mirada tolerante y solidaria, al tiempo que comprensiva; su consideracion del ser humano como algo lleno de flaquezas pero rico en posibilidades; la idea de camaraderia, puesta de manifiesto en las situaciones menos propicias, hacen que sus peliculas puedan servir como modelos de cine maduro, que trasciende los limites originales del genero para ahondar en la naturaleza humana. El tren de las tres y diez y El arbol del ahorcado estan a la altura de los mejores westerns nunca realizados; Flecha rota, Jubal, La ley del talion y Cowboy se acercan mucho a los mejores. Un realizador digno de un estudio detallado dentro del mundo del western y fuera de el.Broken Arrow (Flecha rota). 1950. 93 minutos. Technicolor. Fox. James Stewart, Jeff Chandler, Debra Paget.Return of the Texan. 1952. 88 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Fox. Dale Robertson, Joanne Dru, Walter Brennan, Richard Boone.Drum Beat. 1954. 111 minutos. Warnercolor. CinemaScope. WB. Alan Ladd, Audrey Dalton, Marisa Pavan, Robert Keith.Jubal (Jubal). 1956. 100 minutos. Technicolor. CinemaScope. Columbia. Glenn Ford, Felicia Farr, Ernest Borgnine, Rod Steiger.The Last Wagon (La ley del talion). 1956. 98 minutos. Color DeLuxe. CinemaScope. Fox. Richard Widmark, Felicia Farr, Susan Kohner.3:10 to Yuma (El tren de las tres y diez). 1957. 92 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Glenn Ford, Van Heflin, Felicia Farr.Cowboy (Cowboy). 1958. 92 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Glenn Ford, Jack Lemmon, Brian Donlevy, Anna Kashfi.The Badlanders (Arizona, prision federal). 1958. 85 minutos. Metrocolor. CinemaScope. Arcola Pictures (MGM). Alan Ladd, Ernest Borgnine, Kathy Jurado, Claire Kelly.The Hanging Tree (El arbol del ahorcado). 1959. 106 minutos. Technicolor. WB. Gary Cooper, Maria Schell, Karl Malden, George C. Scott.
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